AISI 321 (corresponding to grade 1.4541) is an austenitic stainless steel (V2A steel) stabilized by the addition of titanium. It offers excellent corrosion resistance, with a pitting resistance equivalent (PREN) of 17.0 to 19.0, making it particularly effective against intergranular corrosion. However, it is not suitable for use in environments with seawater.
What material is 1.4541 equivalent to ?
1.4541 is the European BSEN standard number, which is equivalent to 06cr18ni11ti material in Chinese GB / t20878 standard. It's a stainless steel material. Equivalent to ASTM 321.
DIN EN 1.4541 material chemical composition is listed in the following table based on cast analysis.
| Chemical Composition, % | ||||||||||
| Country (Region) | Standard | Steel Grade (Steel Number) | C, ≤ | Si, ≤ | Mn, ≤ | P, ≤ | S, ≤ | Cr | Ni | Ti |
| European Union | EN 10088-2; EN 10088-3 | X6CrNiTi18-10 (1.4541) | 0,08 | 1,00 | 2,00 | 0,045 | 0,015 | 17,0-19,0 | 9,0-12,0 | 5xC to 0,70 |
Mechanical Properties
| Mechanical Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Hardness (HB) | ≤ 215 |
| Yield Strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 190 MPa |
| Tensile Strength (Rm) | 500 - 700 MPa |
| Elongation (A), Longitudinal (≤ 160 mm) | ≥ 40% |
| Impact Energy (AV), Longitudinal (≤ 160 mm) | ≥ 100 J |
Physical Properties
This material is non-magnetic (relative magnetic permeability μr < 1.3) and has a maximum operating temperature of 550°C. In the solution-annealed state (room temperature + AT), it has a tensile strength of 500-700 N/mm², a hardness of ≤215, and a density of 7.9 kg/dm³.
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.9 kg/dm³ |
| Tensile strength | 500 - 700 N/mm² |
| Yield strength (Rp0.2) | ≥ 190 MPa |
| Elongation at break (A) | ≥ 40 % |
| Corrosion resistance | Good |
| PREN value | 17.0 - 19.0 |
| Magnetic | No (μr < 1.3) |
Corrosion Resistance
AISI 321 (corresponding to grades 1.4541 and X6CrNiTi18-10) offers excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in low-chloride and low-salt environments. Its pitting resistance equivalent (PREN) is 17.0 to 19.0. When in contact with oxygenated water, a protective passive film forms on the surface of the material. As long as this passive film remains intact, it effectively improves corrosion resistance in normal atmospheric conditions.
Heat Treatment and Hot Forming
Hot forming: The suitable temperature range is 1200-950°C. Air or water cooling is possible after processing.
Solution heat treatment (+AT): The temperature should be 1020-1100°C. Air or water cooling is also possible after treatment.
In terms of workability, AISI 321 has excellent weldability and can be cold-formed and cold-headed, but is moderately difficult to forge. These properties make it widely used in the automotive, mechanical engineering, and chemical industries.
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