The most commonly used of the ferritic stainless steels is Type 430, which contains 16 to 18% chromium and a maximum of 0.12% carbon. Among its applications, it can be mentioned: cutlery, crockery, kitchens, pools, coins, coatings, refrigerated counters.
One of the biggest problems of stainless 430 is the loss of ductility in the welded regions, which are normally fragile and of lower resistance to corrosion. The high growth of grain size, the partial formation of martensite and the precipitation of chromium carbonitrurs, are the main causes of this problem.
To address this drawback, titanium and/or niobium are added as carbon stabilizers. Types 409, 430 Ti and 430 Nb are widely used, mainly in car mufflers and exhausts.
Aluminum is also used as a ferrite stabilizer. The stainless 405, with aluminum between 0.10 and 0.30% is widely used in the manufacture of structures that can not be annealed after the welding operation.
The increase in the sulfur content, allows to improve the machinability, in the Type 430 F.
Additions of molybdenum, in stainless 434, or increase in chromium tenors in Type 446, allow to obtain ferritic stainless steels with better resistance to corrosion.
Although ferritic stainless steels have good corrosion resistance, some characteristics limit their use in certain applications.
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